Sex Differences in Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure

Background: Heart failure (HF) is generally associated with poor quality of life (QoL). Limited data are available characterizing health-related QoL (HRQL) in Chinese patients HF. Methods: We used the Minnesota Living Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) to record 4082 HF from China who were followed up over 12 months Registry Patient Outcomes (HERO) study. Baseline HRQL and differences between women men heart compared. multivariable Cox regression adjustment for variables assess association MLHFQ summary scores a composite all-cause mortality hospitalization. Result: At baseline, mean overall population was 42.9 ± 19.57; physical emotional domains 22.0 8.69 8.66 6.08, respectively. Women had higher (poorer) score (44.27 19.13) than (41.63 19.90) (P<0.001). Female also male The specific questionnaire men. NYHA class strongest independent predictor (β=6.12 unit increment; P<0.001). Sex not independently after adjustments. 12-month cohort 19.6%, hospitalization rate 24.4%, endpoint 40.15%. A 10-point increase risk (female HRs=1.19 [95% CI 1.12–1.26]; P<0.001 1.18 1.12–1.24]; P<0.001, respectively) outcomes (HRs=1.08 1.04–1.13]; 1.11 1.07–1.14]; respectively). Females did show significant (HR=1.04 0.99–1.09]; P=0.107). Conclusion: Quality largely poorer men, but similar sexes terms burden limitation. an death